General Startup
To use vi : vi filename
To exit vi: and save changes: ZZ or :wq
To exit vi: without saving changes: :q!
To enter vi: command mode: [esc]
Counts
A number preceding any vi command tells vi to repeat that command that many times.
Cursor Movement
h move left (backspace)
j move down
k move up
l move right (spacebar)
[return] move to the beginning of the next line
$ last column on the current line
0 move cursor to the first column on the current line
^ move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line
w move to the beginning of the next word or punctuation mark
W move past the next space
b move to the beginning of the previous word or punctuation mark
B move to the beginning of the previous word, ignores punctuation
e end of next word or punctuation mark
E end of next word, ignoring punctuation
H move cursor to the top of the screen
M move cursor to the middle of the screen
L move cursor to the bottom of the screen
Screen Movement
G move to the last line in the file
xG move to line x
z+ move current line to top of screen
z move current line to the middle of screen
z- move current line to the bottom of screen
^F move forward one screen
^B move backward one line
^D move forward one half screen
^U move backward one half screen
^R redraw screen ( does not work with VT100 type terminals )
^L redraw screen ( does not work with Televideo terminals )
Inserting
r replace character under cursor with next character typed
R keep replacing character until [esc] is hit
i insert before cursor
a append after cursor
A append at end of line
O open line above cursor and enter append mode
Deleting
x delete character under cursor
dd delete line under cursor
dw delete word under cursor
db delete word before cursor
Copying Code
yy (yank)'copies' line which may then be put by the p(put) command. Precede with a count for
multiple lines.
Put Command
brings back previous deletion or yank of lines, words, or characters
P bring back before cursor
p bring back after cursor
Find Commands
? finds a word going backwards
/ finds a word going forwards
f finds a character on the line under the cursor going forward
F finds a character on the line under the cursor going backwards
t find a character on the current line going forward and stop one character before it
T find a character on the current line going backward and stop one character before it
; repeat last f, F, t, T
Miscellaneous Commands
. repeat last command
u undoes last command issued
U undoes all commands on one line
xp deletes first character and inserts after second (swap)
J join current line with the next line
^G display current line number
% if at one parenthesis, will jump to its mate
mx mark current line with character x
'x find line marked with character x
NOTE: Marks are internal and not written to the file.
Line Editor Mode
Any commands form the line editor ex can be issued upon entering line mode.
To enter: type ':'
To exit: press[return] or [esc]
ex Commands
For a complete list consult the UNIX Programmer's Manual
READING FILES
copies (reads) filename after cursor in file currently editing
:r filename
WRITE FILE
:w saves the current file without quitting
MOVING
:# move to line #
:$ move to last line of file
SHELL ESCAPE
executes 'cmd' as a shell command.
:!'cmd'
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A quick reference list of vi editor commands
Notes:
<ESC> denotes the Esc key, and <CR> denotes the Enter key.
The expression <cmd> means that you should enter a command, <f> means that you should enter a filename, and <x> means that you should enter a character or number.
The symbol ^ (caret) means that you should hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the indicated letter.
Vi editor command keys:
ZZ Exit, saving changes t<x> Up to <x> forward
Q Enter ex mode T<x> Back up to <x>
<ESC> End of insert <x>| Go to column <x>
:<cmd> Execute ex command w,W Forward one word
:!<cmd> Shell command b,B Back one word
^g Show filename/size e,E End of word
^f Forward one screen ^h Erase last character
^b Back one screen ^w Erase last word
^d Forward half screen ^? Interrupt
^u Backward half screen ~ Toggle character case
<x>G Go to line <x> a Append after
/<x> Search forward for <x> i,I Insert before
?<x> Search backward for <x> A Append at end of line
n Repeat last search o Open line below
N Reverse last search O Open line above
]] Next section/function r Replace character
[[ Previous section/function R Replace characters
% Find matching () { or } d Delete
^l Redraw screen dd Delete line
^r Refresh screen c Change
z<CR> Current line at top y Yank lines to buffer
z- Current line at bottom C Change rest of line
^e Scroll down one line D Delete rest of line
^y Scroll up one line s Substitute character
`` Previous context S Substitute lines
H Home window line J Join lines
L Last window line x Delete after
M Middle window line X Delete before
+ Next line Y Yank current line
hjkl Cursor movement: p Put back lines
left/down/up/right P Put before
0 Beginning of line << Shift line left
$ End of line >> Shift line right
f<x> Find <x> forward u Undo last change
F<x> Find <x> backward U Restore current line
Ex mode commands:
q Quit set <x> Enable option
q! Quit, discard changes set no<v> Disable option
r <f> Read in file <f> set all Show all options
sh Invoke shell
vi Vi mode
wq Write and quit
w <f> Write file <f>
w! <f> Overwrite file <f>
Options:
autoindent Automatic line indentation
autowrite Write before quit
ignorecase Ignore case in searches
number Display line numbers
showmatch Show matches to ) and } as typed
terse Quiet mode
wrapscan Wraparound in searches
wrapmargin Automatic line splitting